(Kana) and Its Meanings in Surah Maryam – A Morphological and Semantic Study

Abstract

This study examines the verb kāna (“was”) and its semantic implications in Sūrat Maryam from both grammatical and semantic perspectives. It analyzes all occurrences of kāna in the sūrah and classifies its predicates according to the Qur’anic context. The findings show that kāna extends beyond its temporal meaning to convey broader functions such as permanence, continuity, and emphasis, highlighting its important role in shaping meaning and enhancing the rhetorical dimension of the Qur’anic text.