Andalusian Methods for Protecting Agricultural Crops from Pests A Historical Study in Light of Andalusian Sources

Abstract

This research examines the scientific and empirical methods developed by Andalusian scholars and farmers to protect agricultural crops from pests during the Islamic eras. The study explores how stable agricultural production was achieved amidst environmental challenges without relying on harmful chemical means. The research reveals a rich diversity of prevention techniques, including mechanical soil treatment, biological control through plant intercropping, organic fumigation, and the legislative protection of water resources. The study concludes that the Andalusian experience represented an early model of sustainable agriculture that respects ecological balance, making it one of the most advanced agricultural practices in the Islamic world at that time.