The Syntax of Past-Tense Verbal Sentences in Jarīr’s Poem “Aqillī al-Lawma” Grammatical Study

Abstract

It is well established that the construction of verbal sentences exerts a profound influence on the positioning and expressive force within the poetry of each poet, particularly among the poets of the Umayyad period. In the poetry of Jarīr ibn ʿAṭiyyah, the construction of verbal sentences reflects a stylistic method that aligns with the evolving dynamics and transformations across historical eras. Verbs, particularly the past and present tense forms around which verbal sentences revolve, constitute foundational elements of Arabic syntactic structure. Verbal sentences, in their various forms, are governed by distinct grammatical rules and semantic functions, each shaped by the specific nature of the verb and its syntactic context. This study undertakes an analytical examination of the structure of verbal sentences in Jarīr’s poem “Aqillī al-Lawma”, with the objective of elucidating their construction and semantic implications. It further explores the syntactic features of such sentences across the Islamic and Umayyad periods, highlighting their rhetorical roles within dialogue and discourse. It is likewise recognized that each verb type — past, present, and imperative — possesses unique syntactic and semantic properties, which this study endeavors to analyze and interpret with precision.